Health A to Z

Achalasia

The gullet's valve failing to open. Years of being treated for reflux, when the problem is the opposite.

Achondroplasia

Also called Dwarfism, Restricted growth

The commonest cause of restricted growth. A physical difference, not an illness, with a few specific medical risks.

Acne

Extremely common, frequently under-treated, and the scarring it leaves is both physical and not.

Acoustic neuroma

Also called Vestibular schwannoma

A slow-growing benign tumour on the hearing and balance nerve. One-sided hearing loss or tinnitus is the sign, and it needs a scan.

Acromegaly

Too much growth hormone in an adult. Diagnosed on average a decade late, because the changes are slow enough for nobody to notice.

Actinic keratoses

Also called Solar keratoses, Sun damage, Bowen's disease

Rough scaly patches from years of sun. Individually harmless, collectively a warning, and a small number turn into skin cancer.

Acute kidney injury

Also called AKI, Acute renal failure

Kidneys failing over hours or days, usually because of dehydration, infection or medication. Often preventable, and the prevention is water and stopping tablets.

Addison's disease

Also called Primary adrenal insufficiency

The adrenal glands stop making enough cortisol. Rare, manageable, and genuinely dangerous if missed.

Adenomyosis

Endometriosis's overlooked relative, in the wall of the womb. Heavy, painful periods that are treated as normal for years.

ADHD

Also called Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADD

A difference in how attention, impulse and motivation work. Not a shortage of effort.