Attachment

The bond between a child and their main carers, and why it matters later.

What it is

Attachment is the emotional bond formed between an infant and their primary caregivers. Bowlby's theory and Ainsworth's strange situation, which identified secure and insecure attachment patterns, are the standard studies.

Where it applies

GCSE child development, health and social care, and psychology.

How it works

Secure attachment gives a base from which to explore and is associated with better emotional regulation later. Disruption — separation, inconsistent care, neglect — can affect development, though outcomes are not fixed and later relationships matter.

Key person systems in early years settings exist for this reason.

How to use it in your work

Name the researcher where you know it; it is credited.

Avoid determinism. Early attachment influences later development; it does not decide it, and saying so is the more accurate answer.

Link to practice: settling-in visits, a key person, consistent routines.

Where to get help

Your teacher and your board's specification — these qualifications vary more between boards than the traditional GCSEs do, and much of the grade is coursework marked against stated criteria.