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Employment tribunal

Where employment claims are heard. Free to bring, and ACAS conciliation comes first.

Please note: This page explains what a term means. It is general information, not legal, financial, tax or investment advice, and it does not know anything about your business. Before you sign, file or commit to anything, check it with an accountant, a solicitor, or the official guidance we link to.

What it means

Employment tribunals hear claims including unfair dismissal, discrimination, unlawful deduction from wages, breach of contract and redundancy pay.

Why it matters

There are no fees for claimants, and most awards are compensatory rather than punitive — except discrimination, where there is no statutory cap and awards can include injury to feelings.

What it looks like in practice

Almost all claims require ACAS early conciliation first, which pauses the time limit. The general time limit is three months less one day from the act complained of, which is short.

What to watch out for

Missing the time limit, which is the commonest way a good claim fails. And, for employers, having no written record of a fair process — tribunals decide on evidence and contemporaneous documents win cases.

Where to get proper advice

ACAS early conciliation, free, first. An employment solicitor or a union representative. Some legal expenses insurance covers employment disputes.

Where to read more

Last reviewed 2026-08-28 by Fiducia Together · Next review due 2027-08-28

Please note: This page explains what a term means. It is general information, not legal, financial, tax or investment advice, and it does not know anything about your business. Before you sign, file or commit to anything, check it with an accountant, a solicitor, or the official guidance we link to.

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